Read in the Synagogues of Germany, Kol Nidre Eve, 1935
In this hour all Israel stands before God, the Judge and Forgiver.
In His presence let us all examine our ways, our deeds, and what we have failed to do.
Where we transgressed, let us openly confess:
"We have sinned."
We confess our sins; the sins of the individual
and the sins of the community.
We express our contempt for the lies concerning us and the defamation of our religion and its testimonies. We have trust in our faith and our future.
Who made known to the world the mystery of the Eternal, the One God? Who
imparted to the world the comprehension of purity of conduct and purity of
family life?
Who taught the world respect for the human being, created in the image of God? Who spoke of the commandment of righteousness, of social justice?
In all this we see manifest in the spirit of the prophets, the divine
revelation to the Jewish people. It grew out of our faith and it is
still growing.
We stand before our God. On Him we rely. From Him issues the truth and the glory of our history, our fortitude amidst all changes of fortune, our endurance in distress.
Our history is a history of nobility of soul, of human dignity. It
is a history to which we have recourse when attack and grievous wrong
are directed against us, when affliction and calamity befall us.
God has led our ancestors from generation to generation. He will guide us and our children through these days. We stand before our God, strengthened by His commandment that we fulfill.
We bow to Him and stand erect before man. We worship Him and remain
firm in all vicissitudes. Humbly we trust in Him and our path lies clear
before us; we see our future.
All Israel stands before God in this hour. In our prayers, in our hope, in our confession, we are one with all Jews on earth. We look upon each other and know who we are; we look up to our God and know what shall abide.
-By Leo Baeck (adapted), from The New Mahzor (the prayer book for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur that my synagogue uses).
From Wikipedia:
Baeck was born in Lissa (Leszno) (then in the German Province of Posen, now in Poland), the son of Rabbi Samuel Baeck, and began his education near Breslau at the Conservative Jewish Theological Seminary in 1894. He also studied philosophy in Berlin with Wilhelm Dilthey, served as a rabbi in Oppeln, Düsseldorf, and Berlin, and taught at the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums (Higher Institute for Jewish Studies). In 1905 Baeck published The Essence of Judaism, in response to Adolf von Harnack's The Essence of Christianity. This book, which interpreted and valorized Judaism through a prism of Neo-Kantianism tempered with religious existentialism, made him a famous proponent for the Jewish people and their faith. During World War I, Baeck was an army chaplain in the German Imperial Army. In 1933, after the Nazis seized power, Baeck worked to defend the Jewish community as president of the Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden, an umbrella organization that United German Jewry from 1933-1938. After the Reichsvertretung was disbanded during the November Pogrom, the Nazis reassembled the council's members under the government controlled Reichsvereinigung. Leo Baeck headed this organization as its president until his deportation in January 1943
On 27 January 1943, he was deported to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. And after the camp was liberated by the Russians in May 1945, he became the Jewish figure head as the Elder of the Jews.
Leo Baeck did not play a decisive role in the Jewish administration of the ghetto until its last days. Yet he never ceased to be a symbol to and a leader of the Jews imprisoned in Theresienstadt. In Berlin, he had been a leader of the German Jews; in Theresienstadt, he became a spiritual leader and symbol, leader to thousands of Jews from all parts of Nazi-occupied Europe.
Up until his deportation, numerous American institutions offered to help him escape the war and immigrate to America. Leo Baeck refused to abandon his community in the camps and declined the offers.
After the war, Baeck relocated to London, taught at Hebrew Union College in America, and eventually became Chairman of the World Union for Progressive Judaism. It was during this time he published his second great work, This People Israel, which he partially penned during his imprisonment by the Nazis.
In 1955, the Leo Baeck Institute for the study of the history and culture of German-speaking Jewry was established, and Baeck was the first international president of this institute. The asteroid 100047 Leobaeck is named in his honour, as is Leo Baeck College, the Reform/Progressive rabbinical college in London.
He died on November 2, 1956, in London, England and has seven living descendants, a granddaughter, a great-grandson, and five great-great-grandchildren (four great-great-grandsons and one great-great-granddaughter.) His daughter and great-grandson are deceased.
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